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Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small vestigial organ within the digestive tract. Occasionally, the tissues become infected and inflamed, causing mild to severe abdominal pain. If pain increases, it is likely the organ will rupture, resulting in peritonitis.

Any pain in the lower right quadrant is an emergency situation. Appendicitis will often give several hours notice before the condition becomes very acute. If the pain is severe, immediate surgery is called for.

Once the diagnosis of appendicitis is made, the surgeon must decide whether to perform an open (OA) or laparoscopic (LA) appendectomy. Numerous randomized controlled trials have compared these two methods for treat appendicitis, sometimes with conflicting results. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have combined these studies to address the controversy.

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